The Parisian club has now won the prestigious cup on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital leveler in the dying seconds to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for PSG to complete a 4-1 shootout win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.
